Izindaba

Nakuba izikulufi zingase zingajwayelekile, zithola indlela yazo yokwakha, izinto zokuzilibazisa, nokukhiqiza ifenisha. Kusukela emisebenzini yansuku zonke efana nokufaka izindonga nokwenza amakhabethe ukuya ekwenzeni amabhentshi enziwe ngokhuni, lezi zibophelelo ezisebenzayo zibamba cishe yonke into ndawonye. Ngakho ukukhetha izikulufu ezifanele zephrojekthi yakho kubalulekile.
I-screw aisle esitolo sakho sezingxenyekazi zehadiwe sigcwele izinketho ezibonakala zingapheli. Futhi nakhu ukuthi kungani: izinhlobo ezahlukene zezikulufi ziyadingeka kumaphrojekthi ahlukene. Lapho uchitha isikhathi esiningi uhlanganisa futhi ulungisa izinto endlini, uzojwayelana kakhulu nezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezilandelayo zezikulufu futhi ufunde ukuthi zisetshenziswa nini futhi kanjani uhlobo ngalunye.
Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde mayelana nezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezikulufu, kanye namakhanda e-screw kanye nezinhlobo zama-screwdriver. Ngokuphazima kweso, uzofunda ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani uhlobo olulodwa kwesinye, wenze uhambo lwakho olulandelayo oluya esitolo sezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha lusheshe kakhulu.
Njengoba izikulufi zishayelwa okhunini nakwezinye izinto, izenzo ezithi “shayela” kanye “nesikulufu” zincike kwezinye lapho kubhekiselwa kuzixhumi. Ukuqinisa isikulufu kusho ukusebenzisa itorque edingekayo ukuze isikulufu. Amathuluzi asetshenziswa ukushayela izikulufu abizwa ngokuthi ama-screwdrivers futhi ahlanganisa izikrufu, ama-drill/screwdrivers, nama- impact driver. Abaningi banamacebiso kazibuthe ukusiza ukubamba isikulufu endaweni ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Uhlobo lwe-screwdriver lubonisa idizayini yesikulufu esifaneleka kangcono ukushayela uhlobo oluthile lwesikulufu.
Ngaphambi kokuthi sixoxe ngokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesikulufu olulungele into ethile ohlwini lwakho lwezinto okufanele uzenze, ake sikhulume ngokuthi izikulufu eziningi zifakwa kanjani kulezi zinsuku. Ukuze ubambe kahle, amakhanda e-screw aklanyelwe i-screwdriver noma i-drill ethile.
Thatha, isibonelo, i-Phillips Screw ye-Phillips Screw Company's Phillips Screw: Lesi sibophelelo esidumile sibonakala kalula ngokuthi “+” ekhanda laso futhi sidinga isikulufu se-Phillips ukuze singene kuso. Kusukela kwasungulwa isikulufu sekhanda se-Phillips ekuqaleni kwawo-1930, ezinye eziningi. izikulufu zekhanda zingenile emakethe, okuhlanganisa inkanyezi ehlehlisiwe engu-6- kanye namaphuzu angu-5, i-hex, namakhanda ayisikwele, kanye nenhlanganisela yemiklamo ehlukahlukene njengesikwele esihoxisiwe kanye ne-cross slot. iyahambisana nama-drill amaningi ahlangana phakathi kwamakhanda.
Uma uthenga izinto zokubopha zephrojekthi yakho, khumbula ukuthi uzodinga ukufanisa idizayini yekhanda lesikulufa nesikulufu esilungile sebhithi. Ngenhlanhla, isethi yebhithi ihlanganisa izingcezu ezimbalwa ukuze ilingane cishe nawo wonke amasayizi wekhanda eliyisikulufu elijwayelekile kanye nokucushwa kokwakha. Ezinye izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-screw drive zifaka:
Ngaphandle kohlobo lwekhanda, esinye isici esihlukanisa izikulufu ukuthi azishoni noma azihlehli. Ukukhetha okulungile kuncike ohlotsheni lwephrojekthi osebenza kuyo nokuthi ufuna ukuthi amakhanda ayisikulufu abe ngaphansi kobuso bento.
Osayizi bezikulufu ezijwayelekile banqunywa ububanzi be-screw shaft, futhi osayizi abaningi bezikulufu batholakala ngobude obuthile. Izikulufu ezingajwayelekile zikhona, kodwa zivame ukumakwa ngenjongo ethile (isb. “izikulufu zezibuko”) kunosayizi. Ngezansi amasayizi ajwayelekile ajwayelekile ngezikulufu:
Zihlukaniswa kanjani izinhlobo zezikulufu? Uhlobo lwesikulufu (noma ukuthi usithenga kanjani esitolo sezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha) ngokuvamile sincike ezintweni ezizonamathiselwa ngesikulufu. Okulandelayo ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezikulufu ezisetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi wokuthuthukisa ikhaya.
Izikulufu zokhuni zinemicu eqinile ecindezela ngokuvikelekile ukhuni phezulu kwe-screw shaft, ngezansi nje kwekhanda, evame ukuba bushelelezi. Lo mklamo unikeza uxhumano oluqinile lapho uhlanganisa ukhuni nokhuni.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izikulufu ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi "izikulufa zokwakha". Lapho isikulufu sicishe sibhobolwe ngokugcwele, ingxenye ebushelelezi engaphezulu kwe-shank ijikeleza ngokukhululekile ukuvimbela ikhanda ukuthi lingacindezelwa lijule ekufakeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ichopho elinentambo yesikulufu liluma phansi kokhuni, lidonsa amabhodi amabili aqine ndawonye. Ikhanda elicijile lesikulufu lisivumela ukuthi sihlale sishibilikile noma ngaphansi kancane kobuso bokhuni.
Uma ukhetha izikulufu zesakhiwo sokhuni oluyisisekelo, khetha ubude ngendlela yokuthi ichopho lesikulufu lingene cishe u-2/3 wogqinsi lwe-base plate. Ngosayizi, uzothola izikulufu zokhuni ezihluka kakhulu ngobubanzi, ukusuka ku-#0 (1/16″ ububanzi) ukuya ku-#20 (5/16″ ububanzi).
Usayizi ojwayelekile wesikulufu sokhuni ngu-#8 (cishe u-5/32 wamayintshi ububanzi), kodwa njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, usayizi wesikulufu okusebenzela kangcono uzoncika kuphrojekthi noma kumsebenzi owenzayo. Izikulufo zokuqeda, isibonelo, zenzelwe ukunamathisela i-trim kanye nokubunjwa, ngakho-ke amakhanda mancane kunezikulufu zezinkuni ezijwayelekile; ziboshwe futhi zivumela isikulufu ukuba sifakwe ngaphansi nje kobuso bokhuni, sishiye umgodi omncane ongagcwaliswa nge-wood putty.
Izikulufu zokhuni ziza kuzo zombili izinhlobo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, lezi zivame ukufakwa uthayela noma ziphathwe nge-zinc ukuze zimelane nokugqwala. Abadwebi basekhaya abasebenza kumaphrojekthi angaphandle besebenzisa ukhuni oluphathwe ukucindezela kufanele babheke izikulufu zokhuni ezihambisana ne-alkaline copper quaternary ammonium (ACQ). Azigqwali uma zisetshenziswa ngokhuni oluke lwacindezelwa luphathwa ngamakhemikhali enziwe ngethusi.
Ukufaka izikulufu ngendlela evimbela ukuhlukana kokhuni ngokwesiko bekudinga ukuthi izingcweti zasekhaya zibhoboze imbobo yokuhlola ngaphambi kokufaka izikulufu. Izikulufu ezibhalwe ukuthi "ukuzishaya wena" noma "ukuzibhoboza" zinephuzu elingisa isenzo sokubhoboza, okwenza izimbobo ezibhojwe ngaphambili zibe yizinto zesikhathi esedlule. Ngenxa yokuthi akuzona zonke izikulufu eziyizikulufu ezizithephayo, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda ukupakishwa kwezikulufu ngokucophelela.
Ifanele: ukuhlanganisa ukhuni nokhuni, okuhlanganisa ukufola, ukuhlanganisa ukubumba, nokwenza amabhokisi ezincwadi.
Isincomo sethu: I-SPAX #8 2 1/2″ I-Full Thread Zinc Plated Multi-Piece Flat Head Phillips Screws - $9.50 ebhokisini lephawundi elilodwa e-The Home Depot. Imicu emikhulu esezikulufini ibasiza ukusika okhunini bese benza ukuxhumana okuqinile nokuqinile.
Lezi zikulufu zisetshenziselwa kuphela ukunamathisela amaphaneli e-drywall futhi zingu-1" ukuya ku-3" ubude. Amakhanda abo “ensimbi” aklanyelwe ukuthi acwiliswe kancane endaweni yephaneli eyomile ngaphandle kokudabula ikhava yephepha eliyisivikelo lephaneli; yingakho igama le-socket head screws. Akukho ukubhola kwangaphambili okudingekayo lapha; lapho lezi zikulufi ezizishayayo zifinyelela esigxotsheni sokhuni noma ugongolo, zishayela ziqonde kuyo. Izikulufu ezijwayelekile ze-drywall zilungele ukunamathisela ama-drywall panel ekwenziweni kokhuni, kodwa uma ufaka i-drywall ezikhonkwaneni zensimbi, bheka izikhonkwane eziyisikulufa eziklanyelwe insimbi.
QAPHELA. Ukuwafaka, uzodinga futhi ukuthenga i-drywall drill, njengoba ingafakwa njalo kusethi evamile yokubhoboza. Lokhu kufana nebhithi ye-Phillips, kodwa kunendandatho encane yonogada noma "ihlombe" eduze nesihloko sokubhoboza ukuze kuvinjelwe isikulufu ukuthi singasethwa sijule kakhulu.
Ukukhetha kwethu: I-Phillips Bugle-Head No. 6 x 2 Inch Coarse Thread Drywall Screw from Grip-Rite – $7.47 kuphela ngebhokisi elingu-1-pound e-The Home Depot. Isikulufu se-drywall anchor esinomumo onwebekayo one-engeli sikuvumela ukuthi usikrole kalula ku-drywall ngaphandle kokulimaza iphaneli.
Into yokuqala ozoyiqaphela ngezikulufo zamatshe (ezaziwa nangokuthi “amahange kakhonkolo”) ukuthi amathiphu amaningi awo awaqondisiwe (yize amanye eqondiswa). Izikulufu zamatshe azibhobozi izimbobo zazo, kunalokho umsebenzisi kufanele abhoboze imbobo ngaphambi kokufaka isikulufu. Ngenkathi ezinye izikulufi zamatshe zinekhanda likaPhillips, abaningi baphakamise amakhanda e-hex adinga ibhithi elikhethekile, elifanele le-hex ukuze lifakwe.
Hlola iphakethe lezikulufu, yiziphi izingcezu kanye nobukhulu obuqondile obudingekayo ukuze ubhoboze izimbobo kusengaphambili, bese ubhoboza izimbobo kuhange. Ukubhola ngaphambili kudinga ukubhola kwedwala, kodwa lezi zikulufi zingasetshenziswa nge-drill bit evamile.
Ifanele: Ukuxhuma izinkuni noma insimbi kukhonkolo, isibonelo, ukuxhuma izitezi zokhuni ezisekelweni zikakhonkolo noma ezingaphansi.
Isincomo sethu: Isikulufu esifanelekile salo msebenzi yi-Tapcon 3/8″ x 3″ I-Large Diameter Hex Concrete Anchor - thola lezi ephaketheni lezingu-10 ku-The Home Depot ngo-$21.98 kuphela. Izikulufu zamatshe zinemicu emide necolekileyo edizayinelwe ukubamba isikulufu kukhonkolo.
Izikulufu ezisetshenziselwa ukubophela idekhi noma "isitezi sedekhi" ohlelweni lwensimbi yedekhi yakhelwe ukuthi iziqongo zazo ziguqe noma ngaphansi nje kwendawo yokhuni. Njengezikulufu zokhuni, lezi zikulufi zangaphandle zinezintambo ezimahhadla kanye ne-shank top ebushelelezi futhi zenziwa ukuthi zimelane nokugqwala nokugqwala. Uma ufaka iphansi lokhuni eliphathwe ingcindezi, sebenzisa izikulufu ezithobela i-ACQ kuphela.
Izikulufu eziningi zokuhlobisa ziyazithepha futhi zingena kuzo zombili izikulufu ze-Phillips ne-Star. Zihluka ngobude ukusuka ku-1 5/8″ kuya ku-4″ futhi zilebulwe ngokuqondile ngokuthi “Izikulufa zeDekhi” ephaketheni. Abakhiqizi be-laminate bacacisa ukusetshenziswa kwezikulufu zensimbi engagqwali lapho befaka imikhiqizo yabo.
Okungcono kakhulu: Ukusebenzisa izikulufu zokuhlobisa ukubophela amaphaneli wokusika kusistimu yensimbi yedekhi. Lezi zikulufu ze-countersunk azikhuphuki ngaphezu kwesitezi, zizenza zifaneleke endaweni ohamba kuyo.
Isincomo sethu: I-Deckmate #10 x 4″ Izikulufo ze-Red Star Flat Head Deck - Thenga ibhokisi eliyiphawundi elingu-1 e-The Home Depot ngo-$9.97. Amakhanda ama-tapered ezikulufu zokudonsela phansi enza kube lula ukuwagoqa edekhini.
Ibhodi le-Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) livame ukutholakala ezindlini njengamapulangwe angaphakathi kanye nama-moldings, nasekwakhiweni kwamanye amabhokisi ezincwadi namashalofu adinga ukuhlanganiswa. I-MDF iqinile kunokhuni oluqinile futhi kunzima kakhulu ukubhoboza ngezikulufu zokhuni ezivamile ngaphandle kokuhlukana.
Kunezinketho ezimbili ezisele: bhoboza izimbobo zokulinga ku-MDF futhi usebenzise izikulufu zokhuni ezivamile, noma unciphise isikhathi somsebenzi futhi usebenzise izikulufo zokuzithepha ze-MDF. Izikulufu ze-MDF zilingana nezikulufu zezinkuni ezivamile futhi zinekhanda le-torx, kodwa ukuklama kwazo kuqeda isidingo sokuhlukanisa nokubhoboza izimbobo zokushayela.
OKUNINGI KWAKHO: Ukuze ugweme ukubhoboza izimbobo zokushayela lapho ufaka i-MDF, sebenzisa izikulufu ze-MDF, uxazulule izinkinga ngazo zombili izikulufu zokubhola nokufaka.
Isincomo sethu: SPAX #8 x 1-3/4″ T-Star Plus Partial Thread Galvanized MDF Screws - Thola ibhokisi elingu-200 ngo-$6.97 e-Home Depot. Iphoyinti lesikulufu se-MDF lino-micro drill kune-drill evamile, ngakho libhoboza imbobo yesikulufu uma sifakiwe.
Lapho uthenga izikulufu, uzoqaphela amagama amaningi ahlukene: amanye achaza izikulufu ezingcono kakhulu zezinhlobo ezithile zezinto (isibonelo, izikulufu zokhuni), kanti amanye abhekisela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile, njengezikulufu ezingagqekezi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-DIYers amaningi ajwayele ezinye izindlela zokuhlonza nokuthenga izikulufu:
Ngenkathi abanye abantu besebenzisa amagama athi “isikulufu” kanye “nebhawodi” ngokushintshana, lezi zibophelelo zihluke kakhulu. Izikulufu zinemicu eluma ukhuni noma ezinye izinto futhi zakhe uxhumano oluqinile. I-bolt ingafakwa emgodini okhona, i-nut iyadingeka ngakolunye uhlangothi lwento ukuze ubambe ibhawudi endaweni. Izikulufu zivame ukuba mfishane kunento eyenziwe ngayo, kanti amabhawodi made ukuze anamathiselwe kumantongomane.
Kuma-DIYers amaningi asekhaya, inombolo nezinhlobo zezikulufu ezitholakalayo zingabonakala zingaphezu kwamandla, kodwa zonke zinokusetshenziswa kwazo. Ngokungeziwe ekwazini osayizi abajwayelekile bezikulufu ezijwayelekile, kuyasiza ukwazi izinhlobo ezihlukene zezikulufu ezitholakalela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, njengezikulufu zeshidi lensimbi noma izikulufu zezibuko.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele ama-DIYers ayikhumbule lapho uthenga izikulufi ukufanisa uhlobo lwekhanda lesikulufa nesikulufu. Ngeke kusize nokuthenga izikulufo ze-tamper uma ungenabo abashayeli abafanele ukuzisebenzisa.
Imakethe yezixhumi inkulu futhi iyakhula njengoba abakhiqizi bethuthukisa izikulufu ezihlukile nezingcono nezikulufi zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Labo abafunda izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokubopha bangase babe nemibuzo. Nazi izimpendulo zemibuzo edume kakhulu.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zezikulufu, ezihluka ngobubanzi, ubude, nenjongo. Zombili izipikili nezikulufi zingasetshenziswa ukubopha nokuxhuma izinto ezihlukahlukene.
Izikulufu ze-Torx zine-hex-headed, zingaba ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle, futhi zidinga i-screwdriver ye-Torx efanelekile ukuze uyifake futhi uyisuse.
Lezi zikulufu, njengezikulufu ze-Confast, zidizayinelwe ukuthi zishayelwe kukhonkolo futhi zinezintambo ezishintshanayo ezimnyama nezilula, ezithathwa njengezingcono kakhulu ukulungisa kukhonkolo. Ngokuvamile ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi zinamakhanda ka-Phillip screw.
Izikulufu zekhanda lepani zitholakala ezintweni ezihlukahlukene futhi zinephoyinti lokubhoboza elincane (esikhundleni sephuzu lesikulufu) ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokubhoboza izimbobo zokushayela ngaphambi kokufaka into yokubopha.
Lezi zikulufu ezivamile zisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezindlu kanye namaphrojekthi okulungisa. Zenziwe ngensimbi yamandla eshear eqinile futhi ziza nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhanda ezikulufa.